User Switching

説明

このプラグインを利用すると、ボタンをクリックするだけで WordPress のアカウントを切り替えられます。クリックすると直ちにログアウトし、目的のユーザーアカウントでログインし直します。テスト環境や、WooCommerce サイトでのカスタマー支援、異なるアカウントでログイン・ログアウトするテスト環境や、管理者が複数のアカウントを使い分ける必要があるサイトで便利なプラグインです。

機能

  • スイッチユーザー: ユーザー画面で他のユーザーに瞬時に切り替えます。
  • スイッチバック: 元のアカウントに瞬時に戻ります。
  • スイッチオフ: ログアウトしますが、瞬時にログインし直せる状態にしておきます。
  • Compatible with Multisite, WooCommerce, BuddyPress, bbPress, and most two-factor authentication plugins.

セキュリティー

  • ユーザーアカウントを切り替えるには、他のユーザー情報の編集権限が必要です。デフォルトでは、シングルサイトの管理者とマルチサイトの特権管理者にこの権限があります。
  • パスワードは表示されません (表示できません)。
  • アカウントを切り替えたり戻ったりする際、WordPress の Cookie 認証システムを使用します。
  • WordPress の nonce セキュリティ システムを実装しているので、切り替えようとしているユーザー以外の第三者が切り替え可能になることはありません。
  • Full support for user session validation where appropriate.
  • 管理画面での SSL 通信をフルサポート (SSL が有効な場合)

使い方

  1. WordPress の ユーザーメニューを開くと、各ユーザー名の下のアクションリストの中に切り替えるというリンクがあることがわかります。
  2. このリンクをクリックすると、直ちにそのユーザーアカウントに切り替わります。
  3. ダッシュボード画面や WordPress ツールバーのプロフィールメニューの○○に戻すリンクをクリックすれば、元のアカウントに戻ることができます。

スイッチオフ機能については、よくある質問 を参照してください。

Other Plugins

I maintain several other plugins for developers. Check them out:

  • Query Monitor is the developer tools panel for WordPress
  • WP Crontrol lets you view and control what’s happening in the WP-Cron system

Privacy Statement

User Switching makes use of browser cookies in order to allow users to switch to another account. Its cookies operate using the same mechanism as the authentication cookies in WordPress core, which means their values contain the user’s user_login field in plain text which should be treated as potentially personally identifiable information (PII) for privacy and regulatory reasons (GDPR, CCPA, etc). The names of the cookies are:

  • wordpress_user_sw_{COOKIEHASH}
  • wordpress_user_sw_secure_{COOKIEHASH}
  • wordpress_user_sw_olduser_{COOKIEHASH}

User Switching does not send data to any third party, nor does it include any third party resources, nor will it ever do so.

See also the FAQ for some questions relating to privacy and safety when switching between users.

スクリーンショット

  • The Switch To link on the Users screen
  • The Switch To link on a user's profile

FAQ

Does this plugin work with PHP 8?

Yes, it’s actively tested and working up to PHP 8.1.

「スイッチオフ」とはどういう意味ですか。

スイッチオフすると、現在のアカウントからログアウトしますが、ユーザー ID を認証 cookie に保存するので、手動でログインし直さなくてもログイン状態に戻れます。ユーザーを切り替えずに元のユーザーに戻るような動作です。

スイッチオフリンクは、WordPress ツールバーのプロフィールメニューにあります。スイッチオフすると、ログイン画面とサイトのフッターにスイッチバックリンクが表示されます。

このプラグインは WordPress マルチサイトでも動作しますか。

はい。ネットワーク管理者のユーザー画面でユーザーを切り替えることもできます。

Does this plugin work with WooCommerce?

Yes, and you’ll also be able to switch users from various WooCommerce administration screens.

BuddyPress と一緒に使えますか ?

はい。メンバープロフィール画面やメンバーリスト画面でユーザーを切り替えることもできます。

bbPress と一緒に使えますか ?

はい。メンバープロフィール画面でユーザーを切り替えることもできます。

2段階認証プラグインを使用しているサイトでも動作しますか?

はい、ほとんど動作します。

わかっている例外の一つは Duo Security です。このプラグインを使っている場合は、User Switching for Duo Security アドオンをインストールする必要があります。このアドオンは、ユーザー切り替えの際に2段階認証プロンプトが表示されるのを抑止します。

アカウントを切り替えるのに必要な権限は何ですか?

ユーザーアカウントを切り替えるには、edit_users 権限が必要です。デフォルトでは、この権限があるのは管理者だけです。マルチサイトを有効化したサイトでは、特権管理者だけがこの権限を持ちます。

Can the ability to switch accounts be granted to other users or roles?

Yes. The switch_users meta capability can be explicitly granted to a user or a role to allow them to switch users regardless of whether or not they have the edit_users capability. For practical purposes, the user or role will also need the list_users capability so they can access the Users menu in the WordPress admin area.

add_filter( 'user_has_cap', function( $allcaps, $caps, $args, $user ) {
    if ( 'switch_to_user' === $args[0] ) {
        if ( my_condition( $user ) ) {
            $allcaps['switch_users'] = true;
        }
    }
    return $allcaps;
}, 9, 4 );

Note that this needs to happen before User Switching’s own capability filtering, hence the priority of 9.

Can the ability to switch accounts be denied from users?

Yes. User capabilities in WordPress can be set to false to deny them from a user. Denying the switch_users capability prevents the user from switching users, even if they have the edit_users capability.

add_filter( 'user_has_cap', function( $allcaps, $caps, $args, $user ) {
    if ( 'switch_to_user' === $args[0] ) {
        if ( my_condition( $user ) ) {
            $allcaps['switch_users'] = false;
        }
    }
    return $allcaps;
}, 9, 4 );

Note that this needs to happen before User Switching’s own capability filtering, hence the priority of 9.

Can I add a custom “Switch To” link to my own plugin or theme?

Yes. Use the user_switching::maybe_switch_url() method for this. It takes care of authentication and returns a nonce-protected URL for the current user to switch into the provided user account.

if ( method_exists( 'user_switching', 'maybe_switch_url' ) ) {
    $url = user_switching::maybe_switch_url( $target_user );
    if ( $url ) {
        printf(
            '<a href="%1$s">Switch to %2$s</a>',
            esc_url( $url ),
            esc_html( $target_user->display_name )
        );
    }
}

This link also works for switching back to the original user, but if you want an explicit link for this you can use the following code:

if ( method_exists( 'user_switching', 'get_old_user' ) ) {
    $old_user = user_switching::get_old_user();
    if ( $old_user ) {
        printf(
            '<a href="%1$s">Switch back to %2$s</a>',
            esc_url( user_switching::switch_back_url( $old_user ) ),
            esc_html( $old_user->display_name )
        );
    }
}

Can I determine whether the current user switched into their account?

Yes. Use the current_user_switched() function for this.

if ( function_exists( 'current_user_switched' ) ) {
    $switched_user = current_user_switched();
    if ( $switched_user ) {
        // User is logged in and has switched into their account.
        // $switched_user is the WP_User object for their originating user.
    }
}

Does this plugin allow a user to frame another user for an action?

Potentially yes, but User Switching includes some safety protections for this and there are further precautions you can take as a site administrator:

  • User Switching stores the ID of the originating user in the new session for the user they switch to. Although this session does not persist by default when they subsequently switch back, there will be a record of this ID if your MySQL server has query logging enabled.
  • User Switching stores the login name of the originating user in an authentication cookie (see the Privacy Statement for more information). If your server access logs store cookie data, there will be a record of this login name (along with the IP address) for each access request.
  • You can install an audit trail plugin such as Simple History, WP Activity Log, or Stream, all of which have built-in support for User Switching and all of which log an entry when a user switches into another account.
  • User Switching triggers an action when a user switches account, switches off, or switches back (see below). You can use these actions to perform additional logging for safety purposes depending on your requirements.

One or more of the above should allow you to correlate an action with the originating user when a user switches account, should you need to.

Bear in mind that even without the User Switching plugin in use, any user who has the ability to edit another user can still frame another user for an action by, for example, changing their password and manually logging into that account. If you are concerned about users abusing others, you should take great care when granting users administrative rights.

マルチサイトを有効にしたサイトで、通常の (特権管理者でない) 管理者はアカウントの切り替えができますか?

いいえ。User Switching for Regular Admins プラグインをインストールすれば可能になります。

Can I switch users directly from the admin toolbar?

Yes, there’s a third party add-on plugin for this: Admin Bar User Switching.

ユーザーがアカウントを切り替えるときに呼び出されるアクションはありますか?

Yes. When a user switches to another account, the switch_to_user hook is called:

/**
 * Fires when a user switches to another user account.
 *
 * @since 0.6.0
 * @since 1.4.0 The `$new_token` and `$old_token` parameters were added.
 *
 * @param int    $user_id     The ID of the user being switched to.
 * @param int    $old_user_id The ID of the user being switched from.
 * @param string $new_token   The token of the session of the user being switched to. Can be an empty string
 *                            or a token for a session that may or may not still be valid.
 * @param string $old_token   The token of the session of the user being switched from.
 */
do_action( 'switch_to_user', $user_id, $old_user_id, $new_token, $old_token );

When a user switches back to their originating account, the switch_back_user hook is called:

/**
 * Fires when a user switches back to their originating account.
 *
 * @since 0.6.0
 * @since 1.4.0 The `$new_token` and `$old_token` parameters were added.
 *
 * @param int       $user_id     The ID of the user being switched back to.
 * @param int|false $old_user_id The ID of the user being switched from, or false if the user is switching back
 *                               after having been switched off.
 * @param string    $new_token   The token of the session of the user being switched to. Can be an empty string
 *                               or a token for a session that may or may not still be valid.
 * @param string    $old_token   The token of the session of the user being switched from.
 */
do_action( 'switch_back_user', $user_id, $old_user_id, $new_token, $old_token );

When a user switches off, the switch_off_user hook is called:

/**
 * Fires when a user switches off.
 *
 * @since 0.6.0
 * @since 1.4.0 The `$old_token` parameter was added.
 *
 * @param int    $old_user_id The ID of the user switching off.
 * @param string $old_token   The token of the session of the user switching off.
 */
do_action( 'switch_off_user', $old_user_id, $old_token );

In addition, User Switching respects the following filters from WordPress core when appropriate:

  • login_redirect when switching to another user.
  • logout_redirect when switching off.

Do you accept donations?

I am accepting sponsorships via the GitHub Sponsors program and any support you can give will help me maintain this plugin and keep it free for everyone.

評価

2023年4月17日
I use "User Switching" on all the sites I develop. It's important that the users have the rights they need, and nothing more. That may require you to add additional capabilities to additional roles or specific users; a different plugin is used to do that. Also, the Gutenberg experience can be a bit overwhelming to the average contributor, but we can provide a simpler editor experience by hiding the 35 blocks and any panels they don't need. These processes are much easier to complete and verify, when you, as an administrator, just can switch to the selected user profile without having to log out and in, in a separate windows or browser. I've been using User Switching for years, including on a handful of WordPress 6.2 development sites, and to me, it just works ✔
2022年12月14日
This plugin is a time saver and is developer friendly; allowing you to create dynamic user switching links when needed.
2022年8月1日
This plugin is so handy if you have a membership or other multi-user site. Works great, very stable and easy to use. We've had it installed and updated it for nearly 2 years without a hitch. Definite 2 thumbs up 🙂
210件のレビューをすべて表示

貢献者と開発者

User Switching はオープンソースソフトウェアです。以下の人々がこのプラグインに貢献しています。

貢献者

“User Switching” は46ロケールに翻訳されています。 翻訳者のみなさん、翻訳へのご協力ありがとうございます。

“User Switching” をあなたの言語に翻訳しましょう。

開発に興味がありますか ?

コードを閲覧するか、SVN リポジトリをチェックするか、開発ログRSS で購読してみてください。

変更履歴

1.7.0

  • Redirect to the current post, term, user, or comment being edited when switching off
  • Clean up some user-facing messages
  • Apply basic styling to the Switch Back link that appears in the footer
  • Use a better placement for the Switch To menu on bbPress profiles
  • Use a more appropriate HTTP response code if switching off fails
  • Exclude .editorconfig from dist ZIP

1.6.0

  • Add a ‘Switch To’ link to the order screen in WooCommerce
  • Add a ‘Switch back’ link to the My Account screen and the login screen in WooCommerce

1.5.8

  • Avoid a fatal if the interim-login query parameter is present on a page other than wp-login.php.

1.5.7

  • Fix some issues that could lead to PHP errors given a malformed cookie.
  • Fix documentation.

1.5.6

  • Add a class to the table row on the user edit screen.
  • Updated docs.

1.5.5

  • Added the user_switching_in_footer filter to disable output in footer on front end.
  • Documentation additions and improvements.

1.5.4

  • Fix a cookie issue caused by Jetpack 8.1.1 which prevented switching back to the original user.

1.5.3

  • Remove usage of a method that’s been deprecated in WordPress 5.3

1.5.2

  • Set the correct lang attribute on User Switching’s admin notice.
  • Move the WooCommerce session forgetting to an action callback so it can be unhooked if necessary.

1.5.1

  • Add appropriate HTTP response codes to the error states.
  • Display User Switching’s messages in the original user’s locale.
  • Increase the priority of the hook that sets up the cookie constants. See #40.
  • Don’t attempt to output the ‘Switch To’ link on author archives when the queried object isn’t a user. See #39.

1.5.0

  • Add support for forgetting WooCommerce sessions when switching between users. Requires WooCommerce 3.6+.

1.4.2

  • Don’t attempt to add the Switch To link to the admin toolbar when viewing an author archive in the admin area. This prevents a fatal error occurring when filtering custom post type listing screens by authors in the admin area.

1.4.1

  • Add a Switch To link to the Edit User admin toolbar menu when viewing an author archive.
  • Add a Switch back link to the Edit User admin toolbar menu when viewing an author archive and you’re already switched.

1.4.0

  • Add support for user session retention, reuse, and destruction when switching to and back from other user accounts.
  • Add support for the switch_users meta capability for fine grained control over the ability to switch user accounts.
  • More code and documentation quality improvements.

1.3.1

  • Add support for the X-Redirect-By header in WordPress 5.0.
  • Allow User Switching’s admin notices to be dismissed.
  • Introduce a privacy statement.

1.3.0

  • Update the BuddyPress compatibility.
  • Various code and inline docs improvements.

1.2.0

  • Improve the Switch Back functionality when the interim login window is shown.
  • Always show the Switch Back link in the Meta widget if it’s present.

1.1.0

  • Introduce a user_switching_switched_message filter to allow customisation of the message displayed to switched users in the admin area.
  • Switch to safe redirects for extra paranoid hardening.
  • Docblock improvements.
  • Coding standards improvements.

1.0.9

  • Remove the bundled languages in favour of language packs from translate.wordpress.org.

1.0.8

  • Chinese (Taiwan) and Czech translations.
  • Updated Dutch, Spanish, Hebrew, and German translations.
  • Add an ID attribute to the links that User Switching outputs on the WordPress login screen, BuddyPress screens, and bbPress screens.
  • Avoid a deprecated argument notice when the user-actions admin toolbar node has been removed.

1.0.7

  • Azerbaijani, Danish, and Bosnian translations.
  • Add back the ‘User Switching’ heading on the user profile screen.
  • Correct the value passed to the $old_user_id parameter of the switch_back_user hook when a user has been switched off. This should be boolean false rather than 0.
  • Docblocks for actions and filters.
  • コードスタンダードの追加修正。

1.0.6

  • Correct the values passed to the switch_back_user action when a user switches back.
  • コードスタンダードの追加修正。

1.0.5

  • Norwegian translation by Per Søderlind.
  • コードスタンダードの修正。

1.0.4

  • Support for the new logout_redirect and removable_query_args filters in WordPress 4.2.

1.0.3

  • Ante Sepic によるクロアチア語の翻訳。
  • Avoid PHP notices caused by other plugins which erroneously use boolean true as a capability.

1.0.2

  • Turkish translation by Abdullah Pazarbasi.
  • ArianServ によるルーマニア語翻訳。
  • Thom によるオランダ語翻訳。
  • evigiannakou によるギリシャ語翻訳。
  • Bulgarian translation by Petya Raykovska.
  • Finnish translation by Sami Keijonen.
  • Italian translation by Alessandro Curci and Alessandro Tesoro.
  • Updated Arabic, Spanish, German, and Polish translations.

1.0.1

  • Shorten the names of User Switching’s cookies to avoid problems with Suhosin’s over-zealous default rules.
  • Add backwards compatibility for the deprecated OLDUSER_COOKIE constant.

1.0

  • Security hardening for sites that use HTTPS in the admin area and HTTP on the front end.
  • Add an extra auth check before the nonce verification.
  • Pretty icon next to the switch back links.

0.9

  • Minor fixes for the login_redirect filter.
  • Increase the specificity of the switch_to_old_user and switch_off nonces.

0.8.9

  • French translation by Fx Bénard.
  • Hebrew translation by Rami Y.
  • Indonesian translation by Eko Ikhyar.
  • Portuguese translation by Raphael Mendonça.